55 research outputs found

    A Mobile Computing Architecture for Numerical Simulation

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    The domain of numerical simulation is a place where the parallelization of numerical code is common. The definition of a numerical context means the configuration of resources such as memory, processor load and communication graph, with an evolving feature: the resources availability. A feature is often missing: the adaptability. It is not predictable and the adaptable aspect is essential. Without calling into question these implementations of these codes, we create an adaptive use of these implementations. Because the execution has to be driven by the availability of main resources, the components of a numeric computation have to react when their context changes. This paper offers a new architecture, a mobile computing architecture, based on mobile agents and JavaSpace. At the end of this paper, we apply our architecture to several case studies and obtain our first results

    Localized state and charge transfer in nitrogen-doped graphene

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    Nitrogen-doped epitaxial graphene grown on SiC(000?1) was prepared by exposing the surface to an atomic nitrogen flux. Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Spectroscopy (STS), supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the simple substitution of carbon by nitrogen atoms has been identified as the most common doping configuration. High-resolution images reveal a reduction of local charge density on top of the nitrogen atoms, indicating a charge transfer to the neighboring carbon atoms. For the first time, local STS spectra clearly evidenced the energy levels associated with the chemical doping by nitrogen, localized in the conduction band. Various other nitrogen-related defects have been observed. The bias dependence of their topographic signatures demonstrates the presence of structural configurations more complex than substitution as well as hole-doping.Comment: 5 pages, accepted in PR

    Expérience de lévitation électromagnétique sous rayonnement synchrotron

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    La lĂ©vitation Ă©lectromagnĂ©tique est utilisĂ©e lors de l’élaboration, Ă  haut degrĂ© de puretĂ©, et de la mesure de propriĂ©tĂ©s thermophysiques d’alliages mĂ©talliques. La validation des modĂšles numĂ©riques existants est entravĂ©e par l'absence de donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales relatives aux vitesses d'Ă©coulement Ă  l'intĂ©rieur de l’alliage fondu. À l'aide d'une technique d'imagerie rayons X (ESRF-faisceau ID15A), nous voulons mesurer les vitesses dans une goutte de mĂ©tal en lĂ©vitation

    Green Edge ice camp campaigns : understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

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    The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies

    Mobile Agent System dedicated to adaptable numerical architecture

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    Ce travail appartient au domaine de la simulation numĂ©rique sur des plates-formes d'exĂ©cution distribuĂ©es hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes telles que des grilles de calcul. Ce type de plate-forme se caractĂ©rise par des possibles changements de condition d'exĂ©cution et par une probabilitĂ© importante de dĂ©faillance de certains composants. Une application qui s'exĂ©cute dans un tel environnement se doit d'ĂȘtre adaptable Ă  son contexte d'exĂ©cution et tolĂ©rante aux pannes. Face Ă  la complexitĂ© croissante de la mise en place de cas de calcul sur des grilles de calcul, nous proposons une plateforme logicielle pour la rĂ©solution de cas de calcul numĂ©rique dans un environnement distribuĂ© hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Nos travaux apportent une solution qui se base sur un systĂšme d'agents mobiles, ce qui permet Ă  une application de s'adapter au changement de son environnement d'exĂ©cution. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons le langage pi calcul d'ordre supĂ©rieur pour spĂ©cifier une « ferme de travailleurs » capable de participer Ă  la rĂ©solution de tout type de cas de calcul. Ensuite, nous Ă©nonçons des propriĂ©tĂ©s qui caractĂ©risent le bon fonctionnement de ce systĂšme avec une logique temporelle TCTL. Pour cela, nous souhaitons modĂ©liser notre systĂšme Ă  l'aide d'automates temporisĂ©s Ă  partir des termes dĂ©finis par la spĂ©cification formelle en pi calcul. Dans ce but, nous dĂ©finissons une transformation de termes Ă©crits en pi calcul en automates temporisĂ©s. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s sont alors vĂ©rifiĂ©es avec l'outil UppAal. Pour valider ce travail de modĂ©lisation, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© le framework MCA (pour Mobile Computing Architecture). Celui-ci propose un ensemble d'outils facilitant la mise en place de composants sur un environnement distribuĂ© hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne dans le but d'effectuer la rĂ©solution de cas de calcul. La librairie avec laquelle sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s ces composants, qu'ils soient mobiles ou non, est implantĂ©e en Java et se base les technologies Jini et JavaSpaces. Enfin, nous rĂ©alisons l'Ă©valuation du framework MCA en procĂ©dant Ă  la rĂ©solution de trois cas de calcul diffĂ©rents. Chacune de ces expĂ©riences, rĂ©alisĂ©es sur une grappe de 20 noeuds, nous permet de montrer les caractĂ©ristiques essentielles de notre framework : une simplicitĂ© de programmation, un faible surcoĂ»t en temps d'exĂ©cution sans l'activation de la tolĂ©rance aux pannes et une tolĂ©rance aux pannes efficaceThis work belongs to the domain of numerical simulation on heterogeneous distributed platforms such as grids. This type of platform is characterized by possible changes in execution conditions and a significant probability of some components failure. An application running in such an environment must be adaptable to its execution context and fault tolerant. Facing the growing complexity of implementing computation cases on grid computing, we propose a software platform which solves numerical computation cases in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Our work provides a solution based on a mobile agent system, which allows an application to adapt to change in its execution environment. At first, we use the higher-order pi calculus language to specify a « farm of workers » able to take part in solving any type of computation case. Then we set the properties that characterize the system's correct execution with a temporal logic TCTL. In order to do this, we perform a temporal modeling system based on terms defined by the formal specification in pi calculus. To achieve this transformation, we define a translation of terms written in pi calculus into timed automata. The properties are verified with the UppAal tool. To validate this modeling work, we develop the MCA (for Mobile Computing Architecture) framework. It offers a set of tools which facilitate the implementation of distributed heterogeneous components in order to solve computation cases. These components, mobile or not, are developed with a library written in Java and which uses Jini and JavaSpaces technologies. Finally, our framework is evaluated through the resolution of three different computation cases. Each of these experiments, performed on a 20 node cluster allow us to highlight our framework's main characteristics : programming simplicity, low overhead in execution time without the fault tolerance activation and efficient fault toleranc

    Simulations and experimental studies of transformation surfaces of CuZnAl and NiTi

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    M.S.David L. McDowel

    SystĂšme d'agents mobiles pour les architectures de calculs auto-adaptatifs

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    This work belongs to the domain of numerical simulation on heterogeneous distributed platforms such as grids. This type of platform is characterized by possible changes in execution conditions and a significant probability of some components failure. An application running in such an environment must be adaptable to its execution context and fault tolerant. Facing the growing complexity of implementing computation cases on grid computing, we propose a software platform which solves numerical computation cases in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Our work provides a solution based on a mobile agent system, which allows an application to adapt to change in its execution environment. At first, we use the higher-order pi calculus language to specify a « farm of workers » able to take part in solving any type of computation case. Then we set the properties that characterize the system's correct execution with a temporal logic TCTL. In order to do this, we perform a temporal modeling system based on terms defined by the formal specification in pi calculus. To achieve this transformation, we define a translation of terms written in pi calculus into timed automata. The properties are verified with the UppAal tool. To validate this modeling work, we develop the MCA (for Mobile Computing Architecture) framework. It offers a set of tools which facilitate the implementation of distributed heterogeneous components in order to solve computation cases. These components, mobile or not, are developed with a library written in Java and which uses Jini and JavaSpaces technologies. Finally, our framework is evaluated through the resolution of three different computation cases. Each of these experiments, performed on a 20 node cluster allow us to highlight our framework's main characteristics : programming simplicity, low overhead in execution time without the fault tolerance activation and efficient fault toleranceCe travail appartient au domaine de la simulation numĂ©rique sur des plates-formes d'exĂ©cution distribuĂ©es hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes telles que des grilles de calcul. Ce type de plate-forme se caractĂ©rise par des possibles changements de condition d'exĂ©cution et par une probabilitĂ© importante de dĂ©faillance de certains composants. Une application qui s'exĂ©cute dans un tel environnement se doit d'ĂȘtre adaptable Ă  son contexte d'exĂ©cution et tolĂ©rante aux pannes. Face Ă  la complexitĂ© croissante de la mise en place de cas de calcul sur des grilles de calcul, nous proposons une plateforme logicielle pour la rĂ©solution de cas de calcul numĂ©rique dans un environnement distribuĂ© hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Nos travaux apportent une solution qui se base sur un systĂšme d'agents mobiles, ce qui permet Ă  une application de s'adapter au changement de son environnement d'exĂ©cution. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons le langage pi calcul d'ordre supĂ©rieur pour spĂ©cifier une « ferme de travailleurs » capable de participer Ă  la rĂ©solution de tout type de cas de calcul. Ensuite, nous Ă©nonçons des propriĂ©tĂ©s qui caractĂ©risent le bon fonctionnement de ce systĂšme avec une logique temporelle TCTL. Pour cela, nous souhaitons modĂ©liser notre systĂšme Ă  l'aide d'automates temporisĂ©s Ă  partir des termes dĂ©finis par la spĂ©cification formelle en pi calcul. Dans ce but, nous dĂ©finissons une transformation de termes Ă©crits en pi calcul en automates temporisĂ©s. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s sont alors vĂ©rifiĂ©es avec l'outil UppAal. Pour valider ce travail de modĂ©lisation, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© le framework MCA (pour Mobile Computing Architecture). Celui-ci propose un ensemble d'outils facilitant la mise en place de composants sur un environnement distribuĂ© hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne dans le but d'effectuer la rĂ©solution de cas de calcul. La librairie avec laquelle sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s ces composants, qu'ils soient mobiles ou non, est implantĂ©e en Java et se base les technologies Jini et JavaSpaces. Enfin, nous rĂ©alisons l'Ă©valuation du framework MCA en procĂ©dant Ă  la rĂ©solution de trois cas de calcul diffĂ©rents. Chacune de ces expĂ©riences, rĂ©alisĂ©es sur une grappe de 20 noeuds, nous permet de montrer les caractĂ©ristiques essentielles de notre framework : une simplicitĂ© de programmation, un faible surcoĂ»t en temps d'exĂ©cution sans l'activation de la tolĂ©rance aux pannes et une tolĂ©rance aux pannes efficac

    Space based architecture for numerical solving

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    Numerical simulation using computers or computational simulation has become a very important approach for solving complex practical problems in engineering and science. Numerical simulation translates important aspects of a physical problem into a discrete form of mathematical description, recreates and solves the problem on a computer and reveals phenomena virtually according to the requirements of the analysts. Rather than adopting the traditional theoretical practice of constructing layers of assumptions and approximations, numerical approach attacks the original problems in all detail without making too many assumptions. This is an alternative tool for engineers but numerical techniques are not enough in a case where the computing environment is heterogeneous and unreliable. Mobile agent is a software technology which allows engineer to add new properties to a numerical computing. Mobile agent means a piece of code which can move from one node of the network to another one. This code is a part of a more complex computing aphal-00378342
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